Gemstone Mineral Groups
Classified List Of Minerals
Group | Series Or Subgroup | Species/Chemical Formula |
Silica group | quartz – Si02 cristobalite – SiO2 tridymite – SiO2 coesite – SiO2 stishovite – SiO2 | |
Feldspar group | potassium feldspar | orthoclase – KAlSi3 O8 sanidine – (K,NA)AlSi3O8 microcline – KAlSiO8
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Plagioclase feldspar series | albite – NaAlSiO8 anorthite – CaAl2SiO8 | |
Feldspathoid group | analcime – NaAlSiO6.H2O leucite – KAlSiO6 nepheline – (Na,k)AlSiO4 | |
Scapolite group | Scapolite series | marialite – Na4(AlSi3O8)3Cl meionite – Ca4(Al2SiO8)3(CO3,SO4) |
Zeolite group | natrolite – Na2AlSi3O10.2H2O chabazite – CaAl2Si4O12.6H2O heulandite – CaAl2Si7O18.6H2O stilbite – CaAl2Si7O18.7H2O sodalite – Na8(Al6Si6O24)Cl2 | |
Other | beryl – cordierite – | |
Serpentine group | Serpentine minerals | antigorite – chrysotile – lizardite – |
Clay mineral group | Smectite subgroup | montmorillonite – |
Illite subgroup | illite – | |
Other clays | kaolinite – pyrophyllite – talc – | |
Mica group | Biotite series | phlogopite – annite – |
Other micas | muscovite – margarite – paragonite – lepidolite – | |
Chlorite group other sheet silicates | chlorite – prehnite – sepiolite – apophyllite – | |
Pyroxene group | Orthopyroxene (hypersthene series) | enstatite – ferrosilite – |
Clinopyroxene(diopsidehedenbergite series) | diopside – hedenbergite – | |
Other clinopyroxenes | pigeonite – augite – jadeite – spodumene – | |
Amphibole group | Cummingtonite series | cummingtonite – grunerite – |
Tremolite series | tremolite – actinolite – | |
Other | anthophyllite – glaucophane – hornblende – kaersutite – | |
Pyroxenoid group | wollastonite – rhodonite – pectolite – | |
Melilite group | ghelenite – akermanite – | |
Other | tourmaline – | |
Garnet group | Pyralspite series | pyrope – almandine – spessartine – |
Ugrandite series | uvarovite – grossular – andradite – | |
Olivine group | Olivine series | forsterite – fayalite – |
Other | monticellite – | |
Humite group | norbergite – chondrodite – humite- clinohumite – | |
Aluminosilicate group | kyanite – andalusite – sillimanite – | |
Other isolated tetrahedral silicates | staurolite – chloritoid – titanite(sphene) – topaz – zircon – | |
Lawsonite group | lawsonite – | |
Epidote group | epidote – clinozoisite – | |
Other paired tetrahedral silicates | vesuvianite – | |
Native metal group | gold – silver – platinum – copper – | |
Native semimetal group | arsenic – antimony – bismuth – | |
Native nonmetal group | diamond – graphite – sulfur – | |
Tetrahedral sulfide group | chalcopyrite – bornite – enargite – wurtzite – sphalerite – | |
Octahedral sulfide group | galena – pyrrhotite – niccolite – | |
mixed sulfide group | pentlandite – | |
Other sulfides,Arsenides, and sulfosalts | Sulfides | molybdenite – millerite – cinnabar – covellite – chalcocite – argentite – pyrite – cobalite – marcasite – |
Arsenides and sulfosalts | arsenopyrite – sutterudite – stibnite – boulangerite – tetrahedrite – proustite – pyrargyrite – orpiment – realgar – | |
Halide | halite – sylvite – chlorargerite – atacamite – carnallite – fluorite – cryolite – | |
Tetrahedral oxide group | zincite – | |
Octahedral oxide group | TiO2 minerals | anatase – rutile – brookite – |
Other octahedral oxides | periclase – hematite – corundum – ilmenite – cassiterite – pyrolusite – columbite – tantalite – | |
Spinel group | “Inverse” spinels | spinel – magnetite – |
“Normal “spinels | chromite – franklinite – | |
Cubic oxides | uraninite – | |
Other oxides | chrysoberyl – perovskite – cuprite – | |
Hydroxide group | gibbsite – brucite – manganite – goethite – diaspore – lepidocrocite – romanechite – | |
Calcite group | calcite – magnesite – siderite – rhodochrosite – smithsonite – | |
Dolomite group | dolomite – ankerite – | |
Aragonite group | aragonite – witherite – strontianite – cerussite – | |
Other carbonates | malachite – azurite – trona – | |
Nitrate group | nitratite – niter – | |
Anyhdrous borate group | boracite – sinhalite – | |
Hydrous borate group | borax – kernite – ulexite – colemanite – | |
Anhydrous sulfate group | anhydrite – barite – celestite – anglesite – | |
Hydrous sulfate group | gypsum – chalcanthite – epsomite – antlerite – alunite – | |
Tungstate group | Wolframite series | huebnerite – ferberite – |
Other tungstates | scheelite – | |
Molybdate group | wulfenite – powellite – | |
Chromate group | crocoite | |
Phosphate group | monazite – triphylite – apatite – pyromorphite – amblygonite – lazulite – wavellite – vivianite – variscite – turquoise – autunite – | |
Vanadate group | vanadinite – carnotite – | |
Arsenate group | erythrite – scorodite – |